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The body responsible for developing, maintaining, and updating the USB standard is called the USB Implementers Forum, or USB-IF. To date, there have been four main generations of USB released: USB 1.x (which had various subcategories), USB 2.0, USB 3.x (again, with subcategories), and USB 4. You will often see these referred to as USB gen 1, USB gen 3, and so on. USB cables exist with various combinations of plugs on each end of the cable, as displayed below in the USB cables matrix. The Micro-AB receptacle is capable of accepting Micro-A and Micro-B plugs, attached to any of the legal cables and adapters as defined in revision 1.01 of the Micro-USB specification. a b "Minty Boost — The mysteries of Apple device charging". Lady Ada. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Micro-USB was embraced as the "Universal Charging Solution" by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in October 2009. [18]
Portable devices having a USB On-The-Go port may want to charge and access a USB peripheral simultaneously, yet having only a single port (both due to On-The-Go and space requirement) prevents this. Accessory charging adapters (ACA) are devices that provide portable charging power to an On-The-Go connection between host and peripheral. Before the Battery Charging Specification was defined, there was no standardized way for the portable device to inquire how much current was available. For example, Apple's iPod and iPhone chargers indicate the available current by voltages on the D− and D+ lines. When D+ = D− = 2.0V, the device may pull up to 900mA. When D+ = 2.0V and D− = 2.8V, the device may pull up to 1A of current. [53] When D+ = 2.8V and D− = 2.0V, the device may pull up to 2A of current. [54] Accessory charging adapters (ACA) [ edit ] USB PD continues the use of the bilateral 5% tolerance, with allowable voltages of PDO ±5% ±0.5V (eg. for a PDO of 9.0V, the maximum and minimum limits are 9.95V and 8.05V, respectively). [42]Battery Charging Specification, Revision 1.1". USB Implementers Forum. April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on March 29, 2014 . Retrieved September 23, 2009. USB Type C is arguably the most popular USB connector. It is also the most recent as it was introduced in 2014. Due to its small size, it easily fits into the smallest peripherals we use today, like smartphones, Bluetooth speakers, etc. It is a standard for connecting and charging devices, known for its compact size and functionality. In short, almost every device that includes a PCB (printed circuit board) will likely have at least one type of USB port on it somewhere. PCB USB connectors and related components are cheap to buy, and easy to mount in a variety of ways including panel, surface, through-hole, and cable mount. Watt to Know About iPhone & iPad Power Adapters | Analysis". The Mac Observer. Archived from the original on December 10, 2011 . Retrieved December 12, 2011.
Mini-USB connectors were introduced together with USB 2.0 in April 2000, for use with smaller devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers. The Mini-A connector and the Mini-AB receptacle connector have been deprecated since May 2007. [11] Mini-B connectors are still supported, but are not On-The-Go-compliant; [12] the Mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs. Both Mini-A and Mini-B plugs are approximately 3 by 7mm (0.12 by 0.28in). The Mini-AB receptacle accepts either a Mini-A or Mini-B plug. USB cables, or Universal Serial Bus cables, are widely used for connecting various electronic devices to each other or to a computer. They provide a standardized interface for data transfer, power supply, and peripheral connectivity. USB cables have different types and connectors, each designed for specific purposes and device compatibility. Here are some commonly used USB cable types: a b Howse, Brett (August 12, 2014). "USB Type-C Connector Specifications Finalized". Archived from the original on December 28, 2014 . Retrieved December 28, 2014.Common Charging and Local Data Connectivity". Open Mobile Terminal Platform. February 11, 2009. Archived from the original on March 29, 2009 . Retrieved February 11, 2009. a b Universal Serial Bus Cables and Connectors Class Document (PDF), Revision 2.0, USB Implementers Forum, August 2007, p.6, archived (PDF) from the original on April 27, 2015 , retrieved August 17, 2014 The USB1.1 standard specifies that a standard cable can have a maximum length of 5 meters (16ft 5in) with devices operating at full speed (12Mbit/s), and a maximum length of 3 meters (9ft 10in) with devices operating at low speed (1.5Mbit/s). [35] [36] [37]
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